How can I define the layered approach to protocols?

How can I define the layered approach to protocols?

Can you please list the advantages and disadvantages of the layered approach to protocols? How can I define the layered approach protocol?

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A layered approach to protocols can be seen in models like OSI and TCP/IP. The OSI model defines networking into a seven-layer process. Within the OSI model, the data is passed down from layer-to-layer. It begins at the application layer and ends at the physical layer. While the OSI model was great in theory what has been implemented in its place is TCP/IP. The DoD TCP/IP is a four layer model what both have in common is the ability to layer security. As an example, at OSI Layer 2 tunneling and VPN protocols can be used to protect data. Security controls like L2TP, WEP, and WPA are available. OSI Layer 3 is the home of IPSec. Even at the application layer security can be added by means of protocols like SSH, DNSSEC, PGP, or Secure RPC.

This was first published in July 2007